Tag Archives: x458 conveyor chain

China wholesaler Chain Factory for Roller X458 Drive Chain Steel Forging Chain and Industry Transmission Conveyor Drag Standard Chain with Forging Part X348 X678

Product Description

About Factory 

With more than 18 years’ histiory, we are a professinal manufacturer for drop forged products such as forged chain (X348 X458 X658 X678 X698 F100 F160), scraper chain (10160, 14218, 14226, 142N), conveyor trolley (X348, X458, X678, XT160), and drive chain (X348, X458, X678), and so forth standard moulds of chain. 

Besides, we can also produce as per your drawing or sample, special link chain, pusher, pin and plate, according to customers’ unique requirements.

Product Description

1) Material: Alloy steel, 40Cr, 42CrMo and so on.
2) Types: Standard types, X348 X458 X678, and so on. (Or as per your drawing)
3) Process: Moulding→Forging→Polishing & Blasting→Fine machining→Heat treatment→Blasting→Inspecting & testing→Packing

Product Show
 

Technical Data
 

Model Dimension Weight (Kg) Material Hardness Working Load (KN) Limit Load (KN)
P T C S F R D
10160B 101.6 24 36 13 14 6 14 0.32 20CrMnTi Surface HRC56-64°    
Depth 0.6-1.2mm
18 100
10160 101.6 30 36 13 14.5 9 14 0.36 20CrMnTi Surface HRC56-64°     Depth 0.6-1.2mm 21.6 120
14218 142 42 50 19 20.5 11 25 1.15 20CrMnTi Surface HRC56-64°     Depth 0.6-1.2mm 48.6 270
14226 142 62 50 28 30 15 25 1.75 20CrMnTi Surface HRC56-64°     Depth 0.6-1.2mm 61.2 340
2571 200 66 60 30 32 18 30 2.8 20CrMnTi Surface HRC56-64°     Depth 0.6-1.2mm 72 400
26014 260 70 75 31 33 20 34 5.2 20CrMnTi Surface HRC56-64°     Depth 0.6-1.2mm 135 750
142N 142 43 50 19 22 12.5 25 1.2 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 75.6 420
150D 142 42 50 19 20.5 11 25 1.15 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 75.6 420
MG20 200 70 50 27 29 17 35 3.78 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 144 800
MG20B 200 70 50 27 29 17 30 3.82 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 140.4 780
MG20C 200 70 50 27 29 17 28 3.85 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 122.4 680
MS32 200 42 50 20 22 12 25 1.4 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 75.6 420
MS55 200 80 70 35 38 25 28 4.36 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 138.6 770
3006 200 65 70 30 33 24 32 3.6 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 160.2 890
MS63 250 70 80 30 33 20 32 4.93 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 147.6 820
S16 100 30 27 15 16 8 14 0.3 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 16 88
S20 125 34 33 17 18 8 17 0.37 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 19.4 108
S25 160 48 39 23 25 13 20 1.28 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 55.8 310
S30 142 46 49 22 23.5 14 25 1.3 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 91.8 510
Z16 100 40 35 18 20 12 17 0.4 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 32.4 180
Z20 125 50 46 24 26 15 20 0.67 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 59.4 330
Z20D 125 52 60 24 26 16 26 1.15 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 82.8 460
Z25 160 58 55 28 30 18 25 2.25 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 82.8 460
Z25D 160 66 64 29 31 22 28 2.6 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 120.6 670
Z30 142 64 50 29 30.5 18 25 1.8 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 111.6 620

Products & Testing Equipments
 

Products Application


Packing & Delivery
 

Why Choose Us?

1. We are engaged in chain industry over 15 years with rich market experience. We keep improving production techniques. All the products have longer working life and have passed the market test.

2. We can design the correct chains with high quality material, good abrasion resistance, good corrosion, high strengthen and etc as per your request or the chain application.

3. We are the chain manufacturer; you can directly purchase the product from us with low price and high quality.

4. We have a professional team for international trade, they have abundant experiences and are always ready to solve problems for customers. So you have nothing to worry about.

5. We have the long-term cooperative forwarder who can give us the lowest freight. And it can help you to save the freight. What’s more, for the FCL, we will design the packages as per the container sizes with the largest capacity to save the shipping cost for both of us.

  /* January 22, 2571 19:08:37 */!function(){function s(e,r){var a,o={};try{e&&e.split(“,”).forEach(function(e,t){e&&(a=e.match(/(.*?):(.*)$/))&&1

Standard or Nonstandard: Standard
Application: Textile Machinery, Garment Machinery, Conveyer Equipment, Packaging Machinery, Electric Cars, Motorcycle, Food Machinery, Mining Equipment, Agricultural Machinery, Coating, Spraying, Mining, Slaughtering, Assembly
Surface Treatment: Polishing
Structure: Combined Chain
Material: Alloy
Type: Cranked Link Chain
Samples:
US$ 5/Piece
1 Piece(Min.Order)

|
Request Sample

Customization:
Available

|

Customized Request

pintle

What are the benefits of using a steel drag chain in heavy-duty applications?

Steel drag chains offer several advantages when used in heavy-duty applications, where ruggedness and durability are essential. Here are the benefits of using steel drag chains:

  • High Strength: Steel is known for its exceptional strength and load-bearing capacity, making it suitable for handling heavy loads and withstanding the stresses of demanding industrial environments.
  • Resistance to Abrasion: In heavy-duty applications, there can be abrasive materials or rough surfaces that the drag chain may come into contact with. Steel drag chains have excellent abrasion resistance, ensuring a longer service life even in harsh conditions.
  • Temperature Resistance: Steel drag chains can handle high-temperature environments, making them suitable for applications where exposure to heat or extreme temperatures is common.
  • Corrosion Resistance: Steel drag chains are often coated or treated to enhance their resistance to corrosion, protecting them from moisture, chemicals, and other corrosive substances.
  • Longevity: Due to their robust construction and resistance to wear, steel drag chains have a longer operational life compared to chains made from other materials.
  • Reliability: In heavy-duty applications, reliability is crucial to prevent downtime and costly interruptions in production. Steel drag chains provide a reliable and consistent performance under heavy loads and demanding conditions.
  • Wide Range of Sizes: Steel drag chains are available in various sizes and configurations, allowing them to be tailored to specific heavy-duty applications and equipment.

Overall, using a steel drag chain in heavy-duty applications can improve the efficiency and safety of the equipment, reduce maintenance requirements, and contribute to a more productive and reliable industrial operation.

pintle

Can drag chains be used in wastewater treatment or sewage systems?

Yes, drag chains can be used in wastewater treatment and sewage systems to manage and protect cables and hoses. These systems often involve complex machinery and equipment that require proper cable management to ensure smooth and efficient operation. Drag chains offer several benefits that make them suitable for such applications:

  • Cable Protection: In wastewater treatment and sewage systems, various cables and hoses are used to control pumps, valves, and sensors. Drag chains enclose and protect these cables from exposure to water, chemicals, and debris, preventing damage and prolonging their lifespan.
  • Durability: Drag chains are typically made from durable materials like steel or reinforced plastics, making them resistant to wear, corrosion, and the harsh environment often present in wastewater treatment facilities.
  • Smooth Movement: The smooth and controlled movement of drag chains ensures that cables and hoses are guided without tangling or snagging, even in applications with continuous motion or high-speed operations.
  • Cable Organization: Drag chains help organize cables and hoses neatly, reducing the risk of entanglement and simplifying maintenance and repair tasks.
  • Contamination Prevention: Drag chains provide a barrier that helps prevent contaminants from entering cable and hose channels, minimizing the risk of clogs or malfunctions.
  • Reduced Downtime: By protecting cables and hoses, drag chains help reduce downtime caused by cable failures or damage, leading to increased overall system reliability and efficiency.
  • Adaptability: Drag chains are available in various sizes and designs, allowing them to be customized to fit specific wastewater treatment or sewage system requirements.
  • Resistance to Chemicals: Many drag chain materials are resistant to chemicals commonly found in wastewater and sewage systems, ensuring long-lasting performance even in corrosive environments.

In conclusion, drag chains are a valuable cable management solution for wastewater treatment and sewage systems, providing protection, organization, and durability in challenging industrial settings.

pintle

What is a drag chain and how is it used in cable management systems?

A drag chain, also known as a cable carrier or cable chain, is a device used in cable management systems to protect and guide cables and hoses in various industrial applications. It is designed to prevent tangling, bending, and abrasion of cables, ensuring smooth and reliable cable movement.

Drag chains typically consist of interconnected links or compartments that form a flexible chain-like structure. These links encase the cables and allow them to move freely within the chain while providing a protective housing. The drag chain is usually made from materials like plastic or metal, depending on the specific application requirements.

In cable management systems, drag chains are mounted on machinery or equipment that require frequent movement, such as robotic arms, CNC machines, and automated manufacturing systems. The drag chain’s primary function is to manage and organize cables and hoses that need to flex and move along with the machine’s motion.

Here’s how drag chains are used in cable management systems:

  1. Protection: Drag chains protect cables and hoses from mechanical stress, exposure to environmental elements, and potential damage caused by sharp edges or moving parts.
  2. Guidance: They guide the cables and hoses along a predefined path, preventing them from tangling or getting caught in the machinery, ensuring smooth and reliable movement.
  3. Space-saving: By organizing and containing all the cables within the chain, drag chains help optimize space and keep the work area tidy and safe.
  4. Longevity: Drag chains extend the lifespan of cables and hoses by reducing wear and tear, minimizing the risk of premature failure.
  5. Flexibility: The chain’s design allows it to flex and move in various directions, accommodating different machine movements without causing strain on the cables.

Overall, drag chains play a crucial role in maintaining the integrity and functionality of cables and hoses in cable management systems, contributing to improved machine performance, safety, and efficiency.

China wholesaler Chain Factory for Roller X458 Drive Chain Steel Forging Chain and Industry Transmission Conveyor Drag Standard Chain with Forging Part X348 X678  China wholesaler Chain Factory for Roller X458 Drive Chain Steel Forging Chain and Industry Transmission Conveyor Drag Standard Chain with Forging Part X348 X678
editor by CX 2024-05-09

China best China Manufacturer of Drop Forged Spare Conveyor Scraper Chain Cast X458 Chain Carbon Steel Forging Cast Drag Block Standard Chain and Industrial Chain

Product Description

About Factory 

With more than 18 years’ histiory, we are a professinal manufacturer for drop forged products such as forged chain (X348 X458 X658 X678 X698 F100 F160), scraper chain (10160, 14218, 14226, 142N), conveyor trolley (X348, X458, X678, XT160), and drive chain (X348, X458, X678), and so forth standard moulds of chain. 

Besides, we can also produce as per your drawing or sample, special link chain, pusher, pin and plate, according to customers’ unique requirements.

Product Description

1) Material: Alloy steel, 40Cr, 42CrMo and so on.
2) Types: 10160, 14218, 14226, 2571, 26014, 142N, 150D, S30, and so on. (Or as per your drawing)
3) Process: Moulding→Forging→Polishing & Blasting→Fine machining→Heat treatment→Blasting→Inspecting & testing→Packing

Product Show
 

Technical Data
 

Model Pitch Dimension Lateral Corner Standard Measured Length (mm) Measured Quantity Tensile Strength (KN) Weight (Kg/m)
A F G J K S
80H 80 73 42 18.4 20 34.5 19.5 7 3032/3058 38 250 7.8
X348 76.6 46 27 12.7 12.7 20.6 13.5 9 3050.5/3095.2 40 110 3.2
X458 102.4 57 37 16 16 26.5 17.5 9 3063.1/3090.2 30 210 5.2
468H 102.4 84.1 47.8 18 29.5 42.9 22.2 9 3063.1/3090.2 30 318 11.5
X658 153.2 55.6 35 16 16 57.2 17.5 7 3055.1/3082.8 20 210 4
X678 153.2 77 50.8 22.2 21 34.2 25 7 3055.1/3082.8 20 320 9.5
678 153.2 77 50.8 22.2 21 34.2 25 7 3055.1/3082.8 20 320 9.5
698 153.2 95.25 64 28 25.4 41.3 32 5 3055.1/3082.8 20 515 17
998 229.4 95.25 67.5 28 25.4 41.3 32 5 3205/3232.4 13 515 14.8
9118 229.4 123.8 76.2 35 33.5 52 38.1 5 3205/3232.4 13 832 24.2
S348 76.6 38.9 28.6 12.7 12.7 20.6 13.5 9 3050.5/3095.2 40 110 3.2
S458 102.4 52.1 35 16 16 26.5 17.5 9 3063.1/3090.2 30 210 5.2
S678 153.2 69.8 50.8 22.2 21 34.2 25 7 3055.1/3082.8 20 320 9.5
S698 153.2 73 68.3 28 25.4 41.3 32 5 3055.1/3082.8 20 515 17
S9118 229.4 98.4 77.8 35 33.5 52 38.1 5 3205/3232.4 13 832 24.2
F100 100 57 37 16 16 26.5 17.5 9 2991.3/3018.3 30 210 5.2
F160 160 78 54 24 20.5 36 28 7 3190.7/3219.5 20 318 10.3

Products & Testing Equipments
 

Products Application


Packing & Delivery
 

Why Choose Us?

1. We are engaged in chain industry over 15 years with rich market experience. We keep improving production techniques. All the products have longer working life and have passed the market test.

2. We can design the correct chains with high quality material, good abrasion resistance, good corrosion, high strengthen and etc as per your request or the chain application.

3. We are the chain manufacturer; you can directly purchase the product from us with low price and high quality.

4. We have a professional team for international trade, they have abundant experiences and are always ready to solve problems for customers. So you have nothing to worry about.

5. We have the long-term cooperative forwarder who can give us the lowest freight. And it can help you to save the freight. What’s more, for the FCL, we will design the packages as per the container sizes with the largest capacity to save the shipping cost for both of us.

  /* January 22, 2571 19:08:37 */!function(){function s(e,r){var a,o={};try{e&&e.split(“,”).forEach(function(e,t){e&&(a=e.match(/(.*?):(.*)$/))&&1

Material: Alloy
Structure: Combined Chain
Surface Treatment: Polishing
Chain Size: 1/2"*11/128"
Feature: Fire Resistant, Oil Resistant, Heat Resistant
Mould Number: 10160, 14218, 14226, 20028, 26014, 142n, 150d, S30
Samples:
US$ 5/Piece
1 Piece(Min.Order)

|
Request Sample

Customization:
Available

|

Customized Request

pintle

What are the benefits of using a steel drag chain in heavy-duty applications?

Steel drag chains offer several advantages when used in heavy-duty applications, where ruggedness and durability are essential. Here are the benefits of using steel drag chains:

  • High Strength: Steel is known for its exceptional strength and load-bearing capacity, making it suitable for handling heavy loads and withstanding the stresses of demanding industrial environments.
  • Resistance to Abrasion: In heavy-duty applications, there can be abrasive materials or rough surfaces that the drag chain may come into contact with. Steel drag chains have excellent abrasion resistance, ensuring a longer service life even in harsh conditions.
  • Temperature Resistance: Steel drag chains can handle high-temperature environments, making them suitable for applications where exposure to heat or extreme temperatures is common.
  • Corrosion Resistance: Steel drag chains are often coated or treated to enhance their resistance to corrosion, protecting them from moisture, chemicals, and other corrosive substances.
  • Longevity: Due to their robust construction and resistance to wear, steel drag chains have a longer operational life compared to chains made from other materials.
  • Reliability: In heavy-duty applications, reliability is crucial to prevent downtime and costly interruptions in production. Steel drag chains provide a reliable and consistent performance under heavy loads and demanding conditions.
  • Wide Range of Sizes: Steel drag chains are available in various sizes and configurations, allowing them to be tailored to specific heavy-duty applications and equipment.

Overall, using a steel drag chain in heavy-duty applications can improve the efficiency and safety of the equipment, reduce maintenance requirements, and contribute to a more productive and reliable industrial operation.

pintle

What are the benefits of using a plastic drag chain in certain environments?

Plastic drag chains offer several advantages in specific environments and applications due to their unique characteristics. Here are the key benefits:

Lightweight:

Plastic drag chains are lightweight compared to metal alternatives. This makes them ideal for applications where weight is a concern, such as in robotics and automation systems. The reduced weight helps in improving the overall performance and efficiency of the equipment.

Corrosion Resistance:

Plastics are naturally resistant to corrosion, making plastic drag chains suitable for environments where exposure to moisture, chemicals, or corrosive substances is a concern. They can withstand harsh conditions without deteriorating over time.

Low Friction:

Plastic drag chains have a low coefficient of friction, which reduces the wear and tear on cables and hoses as they move within the chain. The smooth surface of plastic helps in maintaining the integrity of the cables and ensures their long life.

Quiet Operation:

Compared to metal drag chains, plastic drag chains produce less noise during operation. This is especially beneficial in environments where noise reduction is essential, such as in laboratories, cleanrooms, and other noise-sensitive areas.

Chemical Resistance:

Plastic drag chains can withstand exposure to a wide range of chemicals and solvents without degradation. This makes them suitable for industries that handle aggressive chemicals or where chemical spills are possible.

Cost-Effective:

Plastic drag chains are often more affordable than their metal counterparts. For budget-conscious applications or projects with specific cost constraints, plastic drag chains provide a cost-effective cable management solution without compromising on performance.

Easy Installation and Maintenance:

Plastic drag chains are easy to install and require minimal maintenance. They do not require lubrication, and their self-lubricating properties contribute to smooth movement and long service life.

Electrical Insulation:

As plastics are electrical insulators, plastic drag chains provide an added layer of protection for electrical cables and wires. They help in preventing electrical interference and ensure the safety of the equipment and operators.

It’s important to note that while plastic drag chains offer numerous benefits, their selection should be based on the specific requirements of the application and the environmental conditions they will be exposed to. In certain environments, such as those with extremely high temperatures or heavy loads, metal drag chains may still be the preferred choice due to their higher temperature and load capacities.

pintle

Can drag chains be used in robotic systems and automated machinery?

Yes, drag chains are commonly used in robotic systems and automated machinery to manage and protect cables and hoses. Robotic systems and automated machinery often require a complex network of cables and hoses to power and control the various moving parts and components. Drag chains offer a reliable solution for organizing and guiding these cables, ensuring smooth and efficient operations.

Benefits of using drag chains in robotic systems and automated machinery:

1. Cable Protection: Drag chains enclose and protect cables and hoses from external elements such as dust, debris, and mechanical stress. This protection prevents cable damage, extends their lifespan, and reduces the risk of costly downtime due to cable failures.

2. Cable Management: With a drag chain, cables are neatly organized and guided along a predefined path, reducing the chances of tangling or snagging during the robotic or machine movements. This organized cable management contributes to smoother and more precise operations.

3. Flexibility and Range of Motion: Drag chains are designed to flex and bend, allowing the cables to move freely with the robotic arm or machinery. This flexibility ensures that the cables can follow the range of motion required without any restrictions.

4. Space Optimization: In robotic systems and automated machinery where space is often limited, drag chains provide a space-efficient solution for cable management. They keep cables contained in a compact manner, optimizing the use of available space.

5. Safety: Drag chains contribute to the overall safety of robotic systems and automated machinery by preventing cable entanglement or tripping hazards. The organized cable management reduces the risk of accidents and ensures a safer working environment.

6. Increased Reliability: Reliable cable management provided by drag chains leads to improved overall system reliability. The reduced wear and tear on cables, along with the protection from external factors, result in more dependable and long-lasting performance.

7. Easy Installation and Maintenance: Drag chains are designed for easy installation and maintenance. Cables can be easily added or removed from the chain as needed, simplifying the maintenance process.

In summary, drag chains are essential components in robotic systems and automated machinery, ensuring efficient cable management, protection, and safety. They contribute to the smooth operation and longevity of these systems, making them widely used in a variety of industrial applications.

China best China Manufacturer of Drop Forged Spare Conveyor Scraper Chain Cast X458 Chain Carbon Steel Forging Cast Drag Block Standard Chain and Industrial Chain  China best China Manufacturer of Drop Forged Spare Conveyor Scraper Chain Cast X458 Chain Carbon Steel Forging Cast Drag Block Standard Chain and Industrial Chain
editor by CX 2024-04-22

China supplier Manufacturer of Drop Forged Spare Conveyor Scraper Chain Cast X458 Chain Carbon Steel Forging Drag Block Standard Chain and Industrial Industry Chain

Product Description

About Factory 

With more than 18 years’ histiory, we are a professinal manufacturer for drop forged products such as forged chain (X348 X458 X658 X678 X698 F100 F160), scraper chain (10160, 14218, 14226, 142N), conveyor trolley (X348, X458, X678, XT160), and drive chain (X348, X458, X678), and so forth standard moulds of chain. 

Besides, we can also produce as per your drawing or sample, special link chain, pusher, pin and plate, according to customers’ unique requirements.

Product Description

1) Material: Alloy steel, 40Cr, 42CrMo and so on.
2) Types: 10160, 14218, 14226, 2571, 26014, 142N, 150D, S30, and so on. (Or as per your drawing)
3) Process: Moulding→Forging→Polishing & Blasting→Fine machining→Heat treatment→Blasting→Inspecting & testing→Packing

Product Show
 

Technical Data
 

Model Pitch Dimension Lateral Corner Standard Measured Length (mm) Measured Quantity Tensile Strength (KN) Weight (Kg/m)
A F G J K S
80H 80 73 42 18.4 20 34.5 19.5 7 3032/3058 38 250 7.8
X348 76.6 46 27 12.7 12.7 20.6 13.5 9 3050.5/3095.2 40 110 3.2
X458 102.4 57 37 16 16 26.5 17.5 9 3063.1/3090.2 30 210 5.2
468H 102.4 84.1 47.8 18 29.5 42.9 22.2 9 3063.1/3090.2 30 318 11.5
X658 153.2 55.6 35 16 16 57.2 17.5 7 3055.1/3082.8 20 210 4
X678 153.2 77 50.8 22.2 21 34.2 25 7 3055.1/3082.8 20 320 9.5
678 153.2 77 50.8 22.2 21 34.2 25 7 3055.1/3082.8 20 320 9.5
698 153.2 95.25 64 28 25.4 41.3 32 5 3055.1/3082.8 20 515 17
998 229.4 95.25 67.5 28 25.4 41.3 32 5 3205/3232.4 13 515 14.8
9118 229.4 123.8 76.2 35 33.5 52 38.1 5 3205/3232.4 13 832 24.2
S348 76.6 38.9 28.6 12.7 12.7 20.6 13.5 9 3050.5/3095.2 40 110 3.2
S458 102.4 52.1 35 16 16 26.5 17.5 9 3063.1/3090.2 30 210 5.2
S678 153.2 69.8 50.8 22.2 21 34.2 25 7 3055.1/3082.8 20 320 9.5
S698 153.2 73 68.3 28 25.4 41.3 32 5 3055.1/3082.8 20 515 17
S9118 229.4 98.4 77.8 35 33.5 52 38.1 5 3205/3232.4 13 832 24.2
F100 100 57 37 16 16 26.5 17.5 9 2991.3/3018.3 30 210 5.2
F160 160 78 54 24 20.5 36 28 7 3190.7/3219.5 20 318 10.3

Products & Testing Equipments
 

Products Application


Packing & Delivery
 

Why Choose Us?

1. We are engaged in chain industry over 15 years with rich market experience. We keep improving production techniques. All the products have longer working life and have passed the market test.

2. We can design the correct chains with high quality material, good abrasion resistance, good corrosion, high strengthen and etc as per your request or the chain application.

3. We are the chain manufacturer; you can directly purchase the product from us with low price and high quality.

4. We have a professional team for international trade, they have abundant experiences and are always ready to solve problems for customers. So you have nothing to worry about.

5. We have the long-term cooperative forwarder who can give us the lowest freight. And it can help you to save the freight. What’s more, for the FCL, we will design the packages as per the container sizes with the largest capacity to save the shipping cost for both of us.

 

Material: Alloy
Structure: Combined Chain
Surface Treatment: Polishing
Chain Size: 1/2"*11/128"
Feature: Fire Resistant, Oil Resistant, Heat Resistant
Pitch: as Per Each Mould
Samples:
US$ 5/Piece
1 Piece(Min.Order)

|
Request Sample

Customization:
Available

|

Customized Request

pintle

How do drag chains handle side loads and lateral forces?

Drag chains are designed to handle various mechanical forces, including side loads and lateral forces. These forces can occur during the movement of cables and hoses within the drag chain, especially in applications where the drag chain travels along curved or complex paths. Drag chains employ specific design features to effectively manage side loads and lateral forces:

  • Rugged Construction: Drag chains are typically constructed from robust and durable materials, such as high-strength plastics or metal alloys. This construction provides the necessary strength and rigidity to withstand side loads and lateral forces without deformation.
  • Link Design: The links or segments of the drag chain are often shaped and interconnected to allow for flexible movement while maintaining stability. The design prevents binding or jamming when the chain bends or changes direction.
  • Bumper Stops: Many drag chains incorporate bumper stops or dividers within the chain’s interior. These stops help to guide and separate the cables and hoses, preventing them from coming into contact with each other and minimizing the risk of entanglement and wear.
  • Tension Management: Proper tension management is essential to ensure smooth movement of the cables and hoses within the drag chain. Tensioning devices or systems can be used to maintain the appropriate level of tension, preventing excessive sagging or bunching that could lead to interference or damage.
  • Side Mounting Brackets: In some applications, side mounting brackets can be used to provide additional support to the drag chain, reducing the effects of side loads and lateral forces.

It is crucial to select the appropriate type and size of drag chain for the specific application to ensure it can handle the expected side loads and lateral forces. Regular maintenance, inspection, and lubrication are also essential to prolong the drag chain’s life and optimize its performance in managing mechanical forces during operation.

pintle

How do drag chains handle continuous flexing and bending?

Drag chains, also known as cable carriers or energy chains, are specifically designed to handle continuous flexing and bending of cables and hoses. They are widely used in various industrial applications where cables and hoses need to move with the machinery or equipment. Here’s how drag chains handle continuous flexing and bending:

  • Flexible Design: Drag chains are constructed with a flexible design that allows them to bend and move freely. They are typically made up of interconnected links or segments that can flex in multiple directions, accommodating various cable and hose movements.
  • High-Quality Materials: Drag chains are manufactured from high-quality materials that offer both flexibility and durability. Common materials include plastic, metal, and hybrid options that combine the benefits of both. These materials are selected to withstand repetitive bending without cracking or breaking.
  • Low Friction: To ensure smooth movement and minimize wear on cables and hoses, drag chains are engineered with low-friction elements. This reduces the amount of force required to move the cables within the chain and prevents abrasion during continuous flexing.
  • Self-Supporting: Drag chains are self-supporting, meaning they can hold and guide the cables and hoses along their path without additional external support. This self-supporting feature allows them to move with the equipment and maintain a stable and organized cable management system.
  • Variable Sizes: Drag chains come in various sizes and designs to suit different applications and cable sizes. The selection of the appropriate drag chain ensures that cables and hoses have enough space to move freely within the chain while being protected from excessive bending or twisting.
  • Continuous Motion Rating: Manufacturers provide drag chains with a continuous motion rating, which indicates the number of bending cycles they can withstand before potential failure. Choosing a drag chain with a suitable continuous motion rating ensures reliable performance and longevity.

Overall, drag chains are an essential component in managing cables and hoses in applications involving continuous flexing and bending. They play a crucial role in protecting cables from damage, extending their service life, and maintaining the overall efficiency and safety of the equipment they are used with.

pintle

What are the benefits of using a drag chain in industrial applications?

A drag chain, also known as a cable carrier or cable chain, offers several advantages when used in industrial applications. These benefits include:

1. Cable Protection: One of the primary benefits of using a drag chain is the protection it provides to cables and hoses. The chain encloses and shields the cables from external elements such as dust, debris, moisture, and mechanical damage. This ensures the longevity and reliability of cables, reducing the risk of downtime due to cable failure.

2. Flexibility: Drag chains are highly flexible and allow for multi-axis movement. They can bend and twist in different directions, accommodating complex motion and providing a full range of motion for cables. This flexibility is especially beneficial in applications with moving parts or robotic systems.

3. Space Optimization: By organizing and guiding cables within the drag chain, it helps optimize space and prevents cable clutter. This is particularly advantageous in tight spaces or areas with limited cable routing options, enabling efficient use of available space.

4. Reduced Wear and Tear: The smooth movement of cables within the drag chain reduces friction and wear, extending the lifespan of the cables. It prevents cables from rubbing against sharp edges or other components, mitigating the risk of abrasion and damage.

5. Improved Safety: Drag chains enhance workplace safety by eliminating loose cables and potential tripping hazards. By keeping cables organized and secure, they reduce the risk of accidents and injuries caused by tangled or exposed cables.

6. Increased Reliability: With proper cable management, the risk of cable failure due to bending, twisting, or pulling is minimized. This leads to increased reliability and uptime of machinery and equipment, improving overall productivity.

7. Resistance to Harsh Environments: Drag chains are often made from materials that offer resistance to harsh environments, such as high temperatures, chemicals, and outdoor elements. This makes them suitable for a wide range of industrial applications, including those in rugged and demanding conditions.

8. Easy Installation and Maintenance: Drag chains are designed for easy installation and maintenance. They can be opened easily for adding or removing cables, simplifying the process of cable updates or replacements.

Overall, the use of drag chains in industrial applications ensures efficient cable management, protects cables from damage, and contributes to the safe and reliable operation of machinery and equipment.

China supplier Manufacturer of Drop Forged Spare Conveyor Scraper Chain Cast X458 Chain Carbon Steel Forging Drag Block Standard Chain and Industrial Industry Chain  China supplier Manufacturer of Drop Forged Spare Conveyor Scraper Chain Cast X458 Chain Carbon Steel Forging Drag Block Standard Chain and Industrial Industry Chain
editor by CX 2023-09-12

China Good quality Chain Factory of Agricultural Rice Conveyor Roller Chain Transmission Chain and Industrial Conveyor Drive Chain with Attachment X348 X458 X678 safety chain for bush hog

Product Description

About Factory 

With more than 18 years’ histiory, we are a professinal manufacturer for drop forged products such as forged chain (X348 X458 X658 X678 X698 F100 F160), scraper chain (10160, 14218, 14226, 142N), conveyor trolley (X348, X458, X678, XT160), and drive chain (X348, X458, X678), and so forth standard moulds of chain. 

Besides, we can also produce as per your drawing or sample, special link chain, pusher, pin and plate, according to customers’ unique requirements.

Product Description

1) Material: Alloy steel, 40Cr, 42CrMo and so on.
2) Types: Standard types, X348 X458 X678, and so on. (Or as per your drawing)
3) Process: Moulding→Forging→Polishing & Blasting→Fine machining→Heat treatment→Blasting→Inspecting & testing→Packing

Product Show
 

Technical Data
 

Model Dimension Weight (Kg) Material Hardness Working Load (KN) Limit Load (KN)
P T C S F R D
10160B 101.6 24 36 13 14 6 14 0.32 20CrMnTi Surface HRC56-64°    
Depth 0.6-1.2mm
18 100
10160 101.6 30 36 13 14.5 9 14 0.36 20CrMnTi Surface HRC56-64°     Depth 0.6-1.2mm 21.6 120
14218 142 42 50 19 20.5 11 25 1.15 20CrMnTi Surface HRC56-64°     Depth 0.6-1.2mm 48.6 270
14226 142 62 50 28 30 15 25 1.75 20CrMnTi Surface HRC56-64°     Depth 0.6-1.2mm 61.2 340
2571 200 66 60 30 32 18 30 2.8 20CrMnTi Surface HRC56-64°     Depth 0.6-1.2mm 72 400
26014 260 70 75 31 33 20 34 5.2 20CrMnTi Surface HRC56-64°     Depth 0.6-1.2mm 135 750
142N 142 43 50 19 22 12.5 25 1.2 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 75.6 420
150D 142 42 50 19 20.5 11 25 1.15 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 75.6 420
MG20 200 70 50 27 29 17 35 3.78 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 144 800
MG20B 200 70 50 27 29 17 30 3.82 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 140.4 780
MG20C 200 70 50 27 29 17 28 3.85 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 122.4 680
MS32 200 42 50 20 22 12 25 1.4 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 75.6 420
MS55 200 80 70 35 38 25 28 4.36 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 138.6 770
3006 200 65 70 30 33 24 32 3.6 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 160.2 890
MS63 250 70 80 30 33 20 32 4.93 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 147.6 820
S16 100 30 27 15 16 8 14 0.3 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 16 88
S20 125 34 33 17 18 8 17 0.37 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 19.4 108
S25 160 48 39 23 25 13 20 1.28 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 55.8 310
S30 142 46 49 22 23.5 14 25 1.3 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 91.8 510
Z16 100 40 35 18 20 12 17 0.4 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 32.4 180
Z20 125 50 46 24 26 15 20 0.67 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 59.4 330
Z20D 125 52 60 24 26 16 26 1.15 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 82.8 460
Z25 160 58 55 28 30 18 25 2.25 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 82.8 460
Z25D 160 66 64 29 31 22 28 2.6 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 120.6 670
Z30 142 64 50 29 30.5 18 25 1.8 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 111.6 620

Products & Testing Equipments
 

Products Application


Packing & Delivery
 

Why Choose Us?

1. We are engaged in chain industry over 15 years with rich market experience. We keep improving production techniques. All the products have longer working life and have passed the market test.

2. We can design the correct chains with high quality material, good abrasion resistance, good corrosion, high strengthen and etc as per your request or the chain application.

3. We are the chain manufacturer; you can directly purchase the product from us with low price and high quality.

4. We have a professional team for international trade, they have abundant experiences and are always ready to solve problems for customers. So you have nothing to worry about.

5. We have the long-term cooperative forwarder who can give us the lowest freight. And it can help you to save the freight. What’s more, for the FCL, we will design the packages as per the container sizes with the largest capacity to save the shipping cost for both of us.

 

Standard or Nonstandard: Standard
Application: Textile Machinery, Garment Machinery, Conveyer Equipment, Packaging Machinery, Electric Cars, Motorcycle, Food Machinery, Mining Equipment, Agricultural Machinery, Coating, Spraying, Mining, Slaughtering, Assembly
Surface Treatment: Polishing
Structure: Combined Chain
Material: Alloy
Type: Cranked Link Chain
Samples:
US$ 5/Piece
1 Piece(Min.Order)

|
Request Sample

chain

Three important aspects of the drive chain

One of the advantages of a drive chain is that it is relatively light. It sends nearly all of the engine’s power to the rear wheels, even if it loses some power along the way. Engine power on a dyno is different than on the road. Therefore, the chain is the most efficient way to transmit power to the rear wheel. Let’s look at three important aspects of the drive chain. Here are some facts about them.

roller chain drive

When choosing a roller chain drive, consider your application and how much horsepower your system requires. For applications requiring more horsepower, a multi-strand drive is an option. If your horsepower is limited, single-strand drives are a good choice. Otherwise, you may need to choose the smallest pitch chain. However, this may not always be possible. You should also consider sprocket size. In many cases, choosing a smaller chain pitch can increase the number of options.
While proper lubrication and maintenance can last a roller chain drive for years, regular inspections are essential to prolonging its life. After the drive has been operating for 100 hours, a thorough inspection every 500 hours is recommended. During this inspection, look for key elements such as 3% elongation and chain wear. If the chain is not preloaded, elongation will happen very quickly. In either case, the industry-recommended 3% elongation will be achieved faster.

flat top chain

The flat-top chain system consists of hinge pins that support the chain to ensure efficient conveying. There are different types of hinge pins available, namely single and double. The single hinge pin is suitable for short chainplates and lightly loaded products. Dual hinge pins provide increased stability and load capacity. Flat top drive chains can be used in many different industries. In this article, we will learn about some important properties of flat-top chains.
Plastic flat top chains can transport medium to large workpiece pallets. They have a circular arc function that enables continuous drive combinations involving curved circular arcs. Plastic flat top chains are also recommended for workpiece pallets with PA wear pads. Steel flat-top chains can withstand surface loads up to 1.5 kg/cm, and HD profiles are suitable for steel chains. This chain is used in a variety of applications, including packaging machines.

mute chain

There are several types of mufflers that can silence your drive chain. One is the Ramsay silent chain, also known as the inverted tooth chain. These chains can be custom designed for specific needs. Exclusive Australian distributor of CZPT products that can help you find the most effective and affordable silent chain. In addition to silent chains, CZPT also manufactures sprockets and other hardware required for the drive.
Another type of mute chain is the CZPT chain. CZPT chains have involute teeth, while the ANSI standard specifies straight teeth. The advantage of silent chains is reduced noise and vibration output, and wider chains are more economical than multi-strand roller chains. The downside of silent chains is that they wear out quickly without lubrication.
The mute chain consists of two main parts, the pin and the plate. The pins are rotated in the same direction and positioned so that they can only engage the sprocket from one direction. Therefore, mute links are not recommended for reverse applications. To find out if your chain will work in reverse, consult the manufacturer’s catalog. CZPT chain.

conveyor chain

Drive chains and conveyor chains are essentially the same, but they are very different. The transmission chain is mainly used to transport heavy objects, and the conveyor chain is used to transport light objects. On the other hand, drive chains are usually driven by belts. Both types of chains can be used for the same purpose. This article will cover both types of chains. You can use them to convey various types of materials and products.
There are some differences between belts and chains, but both types can perform similar functions. The drive chain is used to drive the rollers, while the belt is used to move the object horizontally. The drive chain usually drives the rollers that move the conveyor belt. For a wide range of applications, conveyors and drive chains can be customized to meet specific needs. Here are some common uses of these two chains:
chain

time chain

Timing chains fail for two reasons: complete damage and fatigue. Fatigue occurs when a timing chain reaches its breaking strength, and eventually, failure occurs when a timing chain exceeds its design life and suffers mechanical damage. Most timing chain failures are a combination of mechanical failure and fatigue. Chain chatter, engine misfires, and VVT systems can accelerate chain fatigue. If these causes of premature timing chain failure are not addressed, the timing chain could be permanently damaged.
In the past, the timing chain was the only drive chain available. Timing belts are a quieter alternative, but they are prone to failure and damage to valves and the engine. In recent years, OEM manufacturers have begun to return to the OHC/DOHC drive chain of the timing chain. This type of drive chain has many advantages, including the ability to simulate knock sensor vibrations. Additionally, the chain has better NVH performance, making it the drive chain of choice for automakers.

Timing Chains in Internal Combustion Engines

Internal combustion engines use timing chains to control intake and exhaust valves. The chain turns the camshaft at the right time and coordinates the movement of the valves on the cylinder head. This in turn allows the engine to generate power. The timing chain also controls the position of the intake and exhaust valves, ensuring that fuel and exhaust gases are expelled at the correct time. Incorrect timing in the vehicle can lead to misfires and other problems.
Chain drives in internal combustion engines are a common feature of many modern cars. It transmits rotational force from the crankshaft to the camshaft, which in turn controls the opening and closing of valves. The chain is lubricated with oil to prevent wear. Therefore, timing chains are often used in high-capacity engines, including trucks and motorcycles. But they do have some drawbacks.
A weakened timing chain can cause the engine to misfire, causing it to skip gears and lose coordination. A clicking sound may also indicate a problem. If the chain is too loose, it can also cause the engine to stall. If the chain is too loose, metal chips will appear in the oil. A clicking sound may also be heard when the engine is running. If you hear the engine stalling, it’s likely that the timing chain is the culprit.

Silent chains in internal combustion engines

The pitch difference between the drive sprocket and the silent chain reduces resonance sound, meshing shock, and accelerated wear at the chain and sprocket interface. The difference in pitch between the drive sprocket and the silent chain determines the loudness of the sound, and the system described here helps reduce it. The present invention is suitable for power transmission in internal combustion engines.
The earliest designs for silent chains come from the 1500s when Leonardo da Vinci sketched them. The SS Britannia propels the boat across the Atlantic using huge silent chains. By the mid-19th century, silent chains were used in nearly all types of industrial applications and as timing chains for early automobile engines. Due to their durability, these chains are durable and have smooth action.
In order to understand the mechanism of frictional losses in chains, various parameters must be considered. Speed, pitch, temperature and tension are the main parameters affecting friction loss. This test uses two types of chains to compare the frictional behavior between these two components. The results show that a single chain with a high pitch can increase the friction torque of another chain with the same pitch. These results provide an important basis for understanding the role of friction torque in internal combustion engines.
chain

lifting chain

Lift chairs are designed to lift heavy objects and can be used with a variety of lifting equipment, including forklifts and cranes. Hoist chains are also used in warehouses and ports of all sizes and consist of a series of pins and plates that mesh with each other to move heavy loads. ​​​CZPT Chain manufactures high-precision lifting chains. Here are some of the benefits of hoist chains for drive chains.
Blade Chain: This type of drive chain has a patented U-profile that turns the flexible chain into a highly stable outer post during the push phase. This design is designed to minimize linkage tangling and provide better pressure transfer. These chains are used for cranes, anchors and straddle carriers. Blade chains are more durable than other types of drive chains and are especially useful in heavy duty applications.
The drive chain is also available in a variety of materials. For example, square link chains are commonly used in cranes and hoists. They are cheap to manufacture but more prone to overloading. Conveyor chains are specially designed for chain conveyor systems. It consists of a series of interconnected rectangular links. Oval links tend to kink and are usually only used at low speeds.

China Good quality Chain Factory of Agricultural Rice Conveyor Roller Chain Transmission Chain and Industrial Conveyor Drive Chain with Attachment X348 X458 X678   safety chain for bush hogChina Good quality Chain Factory of Agricultural Rice Conveyor Roller Chain Transmission Chain and Industrial Conveyor Drive Chain with Attachment X348 X458 X678   safety chain for bush hog
editor by CX 2023-05-26

China wholesaler Chain Factory of Agricultural Rice Conveyor Roller Chain Transmission Chain and Industrial Conveyor Drive Chain with Attachment X348 X458 X678 ca550 roller chain

Product Description

About Factory 

With more than 18 years’ histiory, we are a professinal manufacturer for drop forged products such as forged chain (X348 X458 X658 X678 X698 F100 F160), scraper chain (10160, 14218, 14226, 142N), conveyor trolley (X348, X458, X678, XT160), and drive chain (X348, X458, X678), and so forth standard moulds of chain. 

Besides, we can also produce as per your drawing or sample, special link chain, pusher, pin and plate, according to customers’ unique requirements.

Product Description

1) Material: Alloy steel, 40Cr, 42CrMo and so on.
2) Types: Standard types, X348 X458 X678, and so on. (Or as per your drawing)
3) Process: Moulding→Forging→Polishing & Blasting→Fine machining→Heat treatment→Blasting→Inspecting & testing→Packing

Product Show
 

Technical Data
 

Model Dimension Weight (Kg) Material Hardness Working Load (KN) Limit Load (KN)
P T C S F R D
10160B 101.6 24 36 13 14 6 14 0.32 20CrMnTi Surface HRC56-64°    
Depth 0.6-1.2mm
18 100
10160 101.6 30 36 13 14.5 9 14 0.36 20CrMnTi Surface HRC56-64°     Depth 0.6-1.2mm 21.6 120
14218 142 42 50 19 20.5 11 25 1.15 20CrMnTi Surface HRC56-64°     Depth 0.6-1.2mm 48.6 270
14226 142 62 50 28 30 15 25 1.75 20CrMnTi Surface HRC56-64°     Depth 0.6-1.2mm 61.2 340
2571 200 66 60 30 32 18 30 2.8 20CrMnTi Surface HRC56-64°     Depth 0.6-1.2mm 72 400
26014 260 70 75 31 33 20 34 5.2 20CrMnTi Surface HRC56-64°     Depth 0.6-1.2mm 135 750
142N 142 43 50 19 22 12.5 25 1.2 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 75.6 420
150D 142 42 50 19 20.5 11 25 1.15 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 75.6 420
MG20 200 70 50 27 29 17 35 3.78 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 144 800
MG20B 200 70 50 27 29 17 30 3.82 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 140.4 780
MG20C 200 70 50 27 29 17 28 3.85 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 122.4 680
MS32 200 42 50 20 22 12 25 1.4 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 75.6 420
MS55 200 80 70 35 38 25 28 4.36 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 138.6 770
3006 200 65 70 30 33 24 32 3.6 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 160.2 890
MS63 250 70 80 30 33 20 32 4.93 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 147.6 820
S16 100 30 27 15 16 8 14 0.3 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 16 88
S20 125 34 33 17 18 8 17 0.37 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 19.4 108
S25 160 48 39 23 25 13 20 1.28 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 55.8 310
S30 142 46 49 22 23.5 14 25 1.3 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 91.8 510
Z16 100 40 35 18 20 12 17 0.4 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 32.4 180
Z20 125 50 46 24 26 15 20 0.67 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 59.4 330
Z20D 125 52 60 24 26 16 26 1.15 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 82.8 460
Z25 160 58 55 28 30 18 25 2.25 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 82.8 460
Z25D 160 66 64 29 31 22 28 2.6 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 120.6 670
Z30 142 64 50 29 30.5 18 25 1.8 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 111.6 620

Products & Testing Equipments
 

Products Application


Packing & Delivery
 

Why Choose Us?

1. We are engaged in chain industry over 15 years with rich market experience. We keep improving production techniques. All the products have longer working life and have passed the market test.

2. We can design the correct chains with high quality material, good abrasion resistance, good corrosion, high strengthen and etc as per your request or the chain application.

3. We are the chain manufacturer; you can directly purchase the product from us with low price and high quality.

4. We have a professional team for international trade, they have abundant experiences and are always ready to solve problems for customers. So you have nothing to worry about.

5. We have the long-term cooperative forwarder who can give us the lowest freight. And it can help you to save the freight. What’s more, for the FCL, we will design the packages as per the container sizes with the largest capacity to save the shipping cost for both of us.

 

Standard or Nonstandard: Standard
Application: Textile Machinery, Garment Machinery, Conveyer Equipment, Packaging Machinery, Electric Cars, Motorcycle, Food Machinery, Mining Equipment, Agricultural Machinery, Coating, Spraying, Mining, Slaughtering, Assembly
Surface Treatment: Polishing
Structure: Combined Chain
Material: Alloy
Type: Cranked Link Chain
Samples:
US$ 5/Piece
1 Piece(Min.Order)

|
Request Sample

Customization:
Available

|

Customized Request

chain

Advantages and disadvantages of roller chains

If you need to lift heavy objects, you should know how to use a roller chain. Its simple design and simplicity make it ideal for a wide range of applications. This article will discuss the advantages and different types of applications of roller chains. After reading this article, you will be able to choose the type of roller chain that best suits your specific needs. In the next section, we’ll discuss how to deal with it.

Put on

How to measure the wear of a roller chain? There are several methods available, but the most accurate is to use a wear gauge kit. The CZPT Chain Wear Indicator Kit measures chain elongation. Compliant with ANSI and British Standards, this tool is critical to the industry chain and can help you determine when replacement is required. Improper chain maintenance can cause equipment to slip or perform poorly, resulting in unnecessary downtime.
In addition to measuring the elongation of the roller chain, it is also possible to measure the pitch of the rollers. This measurement represents the ANSI #80 standard for roller chains. Vernier calipers can also be used to measure the pitch of chains. This tool is very useful and also acts as a bottle opener. You can even use it as a wear gauge. This way, you can determine if the roller chain needs to be replaced.
The wear resistance of a roller chain can extend its life by 10% or more. However, proper lubrication and general maintenance are essential to ensure the longest lifespan of your chain. The manufacturing process of a roller chain assembly also plays a crucial role in determining its service life. For longer life, you might consider purchasing a heavy-duty series roller chain with thicker side plates and longer pins. If you need greater working load capacity, you can also consider heavy-duty chains.
High-quality components are critical to the longevity of the roller chain. High-quality roller chain components require precise heat treatment processes. The use of proprietary steel allows the company to manufacture more durable drums. The pins are manufactured to tight tolerances and then undergo a centerless grinding process. This process removes any surface defects, resulting in a mirror finish on the pins. The uniformity of this surface finish also ensures that the load is evenly distributed on the pins, extending the life of the chain.

Material

Among the materials used in roller chains, carbon steel and alloy steel are the most common. However, stainless steel is used in food processing equipment and applications that require lubrication. Other materials used for roller chains include nylon and brass. For more information, see the USACE Material Specification Sheet for more information. You can also find information about the performance of a roller chain by its design. But before choosing one of these materials, consider its pros and cons.
Stainless steel is an excellent choice for roller chains. It is corrosion-resistant and can operate in extreme temperatures without cracking. Stainless steel is a non-magnetic material that can operate in a temperature range of -200 degrees to +700 degrees Fahrenheit. In addition to its corrosion-resistant properties, stainless steel can withstand a variety of environments and can be used in heavy-duty applications. The MEGA series is the strongest stainless steel roller chain in the world.

Application

As the name suggests, a roller chain has 5 basic components: pins, bushings, rollers, and pin chainplates. These components are precision engineered to ensure optimum performance and durability. Typical applications include drives and conveyor belts. The various components of the roller chain can be customized to specific needs. Read on to learn more about how these parts work together. This article presents the advantages and disadvantages of different types of roller chains and discusses their applications.
A roller chain is a form of chain drive consisting of short cylindrical rollers connected together by side links and gears called sprockets. While these devices are simple, they have some limitations. In most cases, sprockets must be designed with a maximum tensile load on one tooth to prevent premature chain failure. Therefore, these chains are less efficient than belt drives with higher inertia.
Roller chains are usually made of carbon or alloy steel, although stainless steel is often used where food processing machinery and lubrication are problematic. Sometimes, nylon and brass are used. The maximum running speed of the roller chain is important for some applications, but it also provides economic benefits for users and manufacturers. The maximum running speed of a roller chain is usually governed by a wear limit, which can vary by application.
The global roller chain market is expected to grow at a CAGR of over 5.4% over the next six years. The research report covers the competitive landscape and key factors influencing the market. The report also analyzes the growth potential, product utilization, and pricing models of key vendors. It also covers the SWOT analysis of the key players in the industry. The study provides a comprehensive market analysis of all these factors and more. It also highlights key players and their strategies and identifies the fastest growing regions for their products and services.

Maintain

Because rollers are exposed to a variety of environments, including snow, rain, and muddy roads, regular maintenance is required to prevent damage. Because they must encounter these elements frequently, frequent inspections are important to prevent rust and other damage. Also, avoid pouring acidic or alkaline cleaning products on the roller chain. Instead, use hot water with hand sanitizer or a disposable toothbrush to clean the rollers. Washing the chain directly with water has little effect.
For small rollers, the workload during the break-in period should not be too large, otherwise, it will cause overheating. The small drum should also be inspected frequently for any unusual appearance, which may indicate that the system is not functioning properly. In this case, the operation must be suspended. Failure to do so could result in serious injury or a facility fire. Additionally, a properly lubricated roller chain is essential to ensure long-term performance.
The surface of the roller is often rusted and scratched. Over time, these little scars can spread to the drive, damaging it. Also, the chain may not be properly spaced and timed. Therefore, it is very important to check regularly to ensure that the chain is in top condition. When the chain wears to 3% or more, the entire roller chain needs to be replaced. Failure to do so may damage the drive, the roller sprocket, or the entire chain.
Given the chain’s processing environment, lubrication is critical to its performance. If the chain is lubricated, it must be re-lubricated frequently. However, lubricated roller chains are susceptible to contamination, especially in the biomass industry. In these environments, airborne organic particles and debris from the biomass industry can contaminate lubricated roller chains. This is why maintenance is important for lubricating roller chains.
chain

Preloading

The benefits of preloading roller chains are well documented. In general, preloading eliminates the initial elongation of the roller chain, increasing its service life. Preloading is an effective way to achieve this, and a preloading chart can help illustrate the benefits of this process. Chains with little or no preload will stretch significantly during drive start, while chains will stretch rapidly as the surface hardness of the wear parts increases. Additionally, a properly preloaded chain has little or no elongation during the initial start-up of the drive, extending wear life.
Premium manufacturers apply the preload concept during their production phase, aligning all major components at the same time. This approach helps eliminate elongation issues that lead to rapid degradation of the roller chain. If this is not checked, the chain drive will stretch immediately over time. To avoid these problems, it is important to purchase a high-quality preloaded roller chain from a reputable source.
The heat treatment process is an effective way to prevent excessive wear of the roller chain. Heat treatment is a complex process that takes place in a factory during manufacturing. This process helps the rollers maintain high hardness and depth, preventing breakage. When buying a roller chain, make sure that the chain is heat treated and that the chain is manufactured to a high degree of precision. It also ensures that the product can be used for a long time.
In addition to performance benefits, preloading can also reduce initial elongation. A preloaded roller chain will exhibit near linear elongation, whereas a non-preloaded chain will experience rapid elongation. Therefore, they will reach the recommended 3% elongation earlier. Make sure the chain is properly lubricated. Also, consider how the chain is arranged. This is critical for optimal longevity.

China wholesaler Chain Factory of Agricultural Rice Conveyor Roller Chain Transmission Chain and Industrial Conveyor Drive Chain with Attachment X348 X458 X678   ca550 roller chainChina wholesaler Chain Factory of Agricultural Rice Conveyor Roller Chain Transmission Chain and Industrial Conveyor Drive Chain with Attachment X348 X458 X678   ca550 roller chain
editor by CX 2023-05-25

China Roller Chains X458 Drive Chain Steel Forging Chain and Industry Transmission Conveyor Drag Standard Chain with Forged Link Cast Carbon Steel Chain bush chain vs roller chain

Product Description

About Factory 

With far more than 18 years’ histiory, we are a professinal maker for fall solid products these kinds of as solid chain (X348 X458 X658 X678 X698 F100 F160), scraper chain (10160, 14218, 14226, 142N), conveyor trolley (X348, X458, X678, XT160), and drive chain (X348, X458, X678), and so forth normal moulds of chain. 

Apart from, we can also create as for each your drawing or sample, particular link chain, pusher, pin and plate, according to customers’ exclusive requirements.

Product Description

1) Content: Alloy metal, 40Cr, 42CrMo and so on.
two) Sorts: Regular sorts, X348 X458 X678, and so on. (Or as per your drawing)
3) Process: Moulding→Forging→Polishing & Blasting→Fine machining→Heat treatment→Blasting→Inspecting & testing→Packing

Merchandise Demonstrate
 

Specialized Information
 

Product Dimension Excess weight (Kg) Content Hardness Functioning Load (KN) Restrict Load (KN)
P T C S F R D
10160B one zero one.6 24 36 13 14 six fourteen .32 20CrMnTi Floor HRC56-64°    
Depth .6-1.2mm
eighteen 100
10160 one hundred and one.6 30 36 thirteen 14.5 nine fourteen .36 20CrMnTi Floor HRC56-64°     Depth .6-1.2mm 21.6 a hundred and twenty
14218 142 forty two fifty 19 twenty.5 11 25 one.fifteen 20CrMnTi Surface area HRC56-64°     Depth .6-1.2mm forty eight.six 270
14226 142 62 50 28 30 15 25 1.75 20CrMnTi Surface area HRC56-64°     Depth .6-1.2mm sixty one.two 340
2571 200 sixty six sixty 30 32 18 30 two.eight 20CrMnTi Surface area HRC56-64°     Depth .6-1.2mm seventy two four hundred
26014 260 70 75 31 33 twenty 34 five.two 20CrMnTi Area HRC56-64°     Depth .6-1.2mm one hundred thirty five 750
142N 142 forty three 50 19 22 12.5 twenty five one.2 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 75.6 420
150D 142 42 50 19 twenty.5 11 twenty five 1.15 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° seventy five.6 420
MG20 two hundred 70 fifty 27 29 seventeen 35 3.seventy eight 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 144 800
MG20B 200 70 fifty 27 29 17 thirty 3.eighty two 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° a hundred and forty.four 780
MG20C 200 70 fifty 27 29 17 28 3.85 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 122.four 680
MS32 200 forty two 50 20 22 12 25 one.4 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 75.six 420
MS55 two hundred 80 70 35 38 25 28 four.36 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 138.6 770
3006 two hundred 65 70 30 33 24 32 three.6 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° a hundred and sixty.2 890
MS63 250 70 80 thirty 33 20 32 four.ninety three 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 147.6 820
S16 one hundred 30 27 fifteen 16 8 fourteen .three 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 16 88
S20 125 34 33 17 18 8 seventeen .37 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 19.4 108
S25 a hundred and sixty 48 39 23 twenty five 13 twenty 1.28 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° fifty five.8 310
S30 142 forty six 49 22 23.5 14 twenty five one.three 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 91.eight 510
Z16 one hundred forty 35 eighteen twenty twelve seventeen .four 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 32.4 180
Z20 one hundred twenty five 50 forty six 24 26 15 20 .sixty seven 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° fifty nine.four 330
Z20D 125 52 60 24 26 16 26 one.fifteen 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° eighty two.eight 460
Z25 one hundred sixty 58 55 28 thirty 18 twenty five 2.25 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° eighty two.8 460
Z25D a hundred and sixty sixty six sixty four 29 31 22 28 two.6 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 120.6 670
Z30 142 64 50 29 30.5 18 twenty five 1.8 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 111.6 620

Merchandise & Testing Equipments
 

Items Application


Packing & Delivery
 

Why Choose Us?

one. We are engaged in chain sector in excess of 15 a long time with abundant market place expertise. We maintain enhancing creation tactics. All the goods have lengthier working existence and have handed the marketplace examination.

two. We can design the correct chains with high good quality content, good abrasion resistance, very good corrosion, higher improve and and so forth as for every your request or the chain software.

3. We are the chain producer you can straight purchase the solution from us with low price tag and large quality.

four. We have a specialist team for worldwide trade, they have ample ordeals and are always all set to remedy troubles for customers. So you have absolutely nothing to fret about.

five. We have the lengthy-time period cooperative forwarder who can give us the least expensive freight. And it can help you to save the freight. What is much more, for the FCL, we will style the offers as for every the container dimensions with the biggest potential to save the shipping and delivery expense for the two of us.

 

Standard or Nonstandard: Standard
Application: Textile Machinery, Garment Machinery, Conveyer Equipment, Packaging Machinery, Electric Cars, Motorcycle, Food Machinery, Mining Equipment, Agricultural Machinery, Coating, Spraying, Mining, Slaughtering, Assembly
Surface Treatment: Polishing
Structure: Combined Chain
Material: Alloy
Type: Cranked Link Chain

###

Samples:
US$ 5/Piece
1 Piece(Min.Order)

|
Request Sample

###

Customization:

###

Model Dimension Weight (Kg) Material Hardness Working Load (KN) Limit Load (KN)
P T C S F R D
10160B 101.6 24 36 13 14 6 14 0.32 20CrMnTi Surface HRC56-64°    
Depth 0.6-1.2mm
18 100
10160 101.6 30 36 13 14.5 9 14 0.36 20CrMnTi Surface HRC56-64°     Depth 0.6-1.2mm 21.6 120
14218 142 42 50 19 20.5 11 25 1.15 20CrMnTi Surface HRC56-64°     Depth 0.6-1.2mm 48.6 270
14226 142 62 50 28 30 15 25 1.75 20CrMnTi Surface HRC56-64°     Depth 0.6-1.2mm 61.2 340
20028 200 66 60 30 32 18 30 2.8 20CrMnTi Surface HRC56-64°     Depth 0.6-1.2mm 72 400
26014 260 70 75 31 33 20 34 5.2 20CrMnTi Surface HRC56-64°     Depth 0.6-1.2mm 135 750
142N 142 43 50 19 22 12.5 25 1.2 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 75.6 420
150D 142 42 50 19 20.5 11 25 1.15 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 75.6 420
MG20 200 70 50 27 29 17 35 3.78 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 144 800
MG20B 200 70 50 27 29 17 30 3.82 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 140.4 780
MG20C 200 70 50 27 29 17 28 3.85 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 122.4 680
MS32 200 42 50 20 22 12 25 1.4 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 75.6 420
MS55 200 80 70 35 38 25 28 4.36 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 138.6 770
3006 200 65 70 30 33 24 32 3.6 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 160.2 890
MS63 250 70 80 30 33 20 32 4.93 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 147.6 820
S16 100 30 27 15 16 8 14 0.3 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 16 88
S20 125 34 33 17 18 8 17 0.37 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 19.4 108
S25 160 48 39 23 25 13 20 1.28 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 55.8 310
S30 142 46 49 22 23.5 14 25 1.3 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 91.8 510
Z16 100 40 35 18 20 12 17 0.4 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 32.4 180
Z20 125 50 46 24 26 15 20 0.67 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 59.4 330
Z20D 125 52 60 24 26 16 26 1.15 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 82.8 460
Z25 160 58 55 28 30 18 25 2.25 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 82.8 460
Z25D 160 66 64 29 31 22 28 2.6 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 120.6 670
Z30 142 64 50 29 30.5 18 25 1.8 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 111.6 620
Standard or Nonstandard: Standard
Application: Textile Machinery, Garment Machinery, Conveyer Equipment, Packaging Machinery, Electric Cars, Motorcycle, Food Machinery, Mining Equipment, Agricultural Machinery, Coating, Spraying, Mining, Slaughtering, Assembly
Surface Treatment: Polishing
Structure: Combined Chain
Material: Alloy
Type: Cranked Link Chain

###

Samples:
US$ 5/Piece
1 Piece(Min.Order)

|
Request Sample

###

Customization:

###

Model Dimension Weight (Kg) Material Hardness Working Load (KN) Limit Load (KN)
P T C S F R D
10160B 101.6 24 36 13 14 6 14 0.32 20CrMnTi Surface HRC56-64°    
Depth 0.6-1.2mm
18 100
10160 101.6 30 36 13 14.5 9 14 0.36 20CrMnTi Surface HRC56-64°     Depth 0.6-1.2mm 21.6 120
14218 142 42 50 19 20.5 11 25 1.15 20CrMnTi Surface HRC56-64°     Depth 0.6-1.2mm 48.6 270
14226 142 62 50 28 30 15 25 1.75 20CrMnTi Surface HRC56-64°     Depth 0.6-1.2mm 61.2 340
20028 200 66 60 30 32 18 30 2.8 20CrMnTi Surface HRC56-64°     Depth 0.6-1.2mm 72 400
26014 260 70 75 31 33 20 34 5.2 20CrMnTi Surface HRC56-64°     Depth 0.6-1.2mm 135 750
142N 142 43 50 19 22 12.5 25 1.2 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 75.6 420
150D 142 42 50 19 20.5 11 25 1.15 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 75.6 420
MG20 200 70 50 27 29 17 35 3.78 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 144 800
MG20B 200 70 50 27 29 17 30 3.82 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 140.4 780
MG20C 200 70 50 27 29 17 28 3.85 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 122.4 680
MS32 200 42 50 20 22 12 25 1.4 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 75.6 420
MS55 200 80 70 35 38 25 28 4.36 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 138.6 770
3006 200 65 70 30 33 24 32 3.6 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 160.2 890
MS63 250 70 80 30 33 20 32 4.93 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 147.6 820
S16 100 30 27 15 16 8 14 0.3 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 16 88
S20 125 34 33 17 18 8 17 0.37 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 19.4 108
S25 160 48 39 23 25 13 20 1.28 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 55.8 310
S30 142 46 49 22 23.5 14 25 1.3 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 91.8 510
Z16 100 40 35 18 20 12 17 0.4 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 32.4 180
Z20 125 50 46 24 26 15 20 0.67 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 59.4 330
Z20D 125 52 60 24 26 16 26 1.15 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 82.8 460
Z25 160 58 55 28 30 18 25 2.25 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 82.8 460
Z25D 160 66 64 29 31 22 28 2.6 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 120.6 670
Z30 142 64 50 29 30.5 18 25 1.8 40Cr Quench HRC36-44° 111.6 620

Roller Chain Basics

Before choosing the right roller chain for your machine, it is necessary to learn some basics. Learn about sprockets, tensile strength, pitch, and width. Read this article to learn more. It will help you make an informed decision. Getting the right product is critical, but it’s not always as simple as choosing a brand name. You need to choose a company that supports its products and provides good service.
chain

Roller sprocket

If you are planning to purchase roller sprockets for your application, you should first look at the various types available. Sprockets available for single-strand roller chains are manufactured by Boston Steel – Type B sprockets are drilled to size. They are available in 1/4, 3/8, 1/2, 5/8, 3/4 and 1″ pitch sizes.
The diameter of the sprocket is important when choosing the right sprocket for your application. Using a caliper to measure the diameter of a toothless plate is a good way to determine the exact size of the sprocket. A caliper is the diameter of a plate without teeth. On Type B and C sprockets, the hub diameter measures the thickness of the hub.
Another type of sprocket is the steel split sprocket, which is split in diameter. This type is easy to install and remove, and is held together by bolts in the hub. Typically, split sprockets have chain pitches ranging from 40 to 240 and bores ranging from 3/4″ to 6″. The split sprockets are designed with one pointing towards the ceiling and the other two parallel to the floor.
When shopping for sprockets, it is important to remember that they are designed specifically for a specific chain. All chains are manufactured to specific standards. In the United States, the most common standard is ANSI. The chain pitch is the distance between the center of each pin and the center of the next pin. In the US, the standard is always measured in eight-inch intervals.
In addition to sprocket size, sprocket pitch and the surface area also affect chain life. Unlike belt sprockets, which are made of forged steel, the teeth on roller sprockets are stamped from steel sheet or pressed from powdered metal. The harder the teeth, the longer the chain will last.

Roller chain pitch

The pitch of a roller chain is the distance between the sprocket and the pin. The smaller the thread pitch, the smaller the bushing wear. Generally speaking, the smaller the pitch, the longer the life of the chain. For best performance and longest life, manufacturers recommend a minimum chain pitch of 2% to 3%. Chain pitch is important to ensure proper performance, and the manufacturer recommends that you replace the chain when it reaches 2% to 3% of normal.
To determine the correct chain pitch for a particular chain, first determine the sprocket size and pitch. Pitch is the distance between pin centers, measured in 1/8 inch increments. The pin diameter of the chain is also important. If you’re not sure about the pin diameter of your chain, measure a few links to get a good average reading. Alternatively, use a caliper to measure the inside diameter of the sprocket and count the number of teeth.
When sizing a sprocket, measure the chain between the gears with a caliper and compare it to the measurements on the chain size chart. Make sure you have checked all the specs and checked the correct chain pitch. Then, choose the correct chain pitch for your needs. This is a critical step in choosing the right chain. So get the correct pitch for your roller chain. Correct pitch helps ensure maximum performance and safety.
To identify a specific type of roller chain, measure its tensile strength. This represents the amount of load the chain can withstand before breaking. Another key parameter to consider is fatigue strength. Chains with high fatigue strength are more resistant to rust and wear than chains with low fatigue strength. The numbers on the right in the standard numbering represent normal or light duty chains, while the numbers on the left represent the pitch of heavy-duty chains.
Double pitch roller chains are a variant of single pitch chains. They are manufactured according to ISO 606 and meet the same standards as single pitch chains. They are mainly used in applications with lower requirements for speed and power transmission. The plates of double pitch roller chains are also longer than single pitch chains. The double pitch drive series is also used for elevator and long conveyor drives. There are three main types of roller chains: single-pitch chains, double-pitch carriers, and oversized rollers.

Roller chain width

When buying a roller chain, one of the first decisions you must make is its width. To make this determination, you need to measure the overall width of the chain, the diameter, and the width of each roller. You must also know the height and thickness of the board. After taking these measurements, you can start shopping for the perfect roller chain. But before you buy a new chain, it’s important to know what to expect from the chain itself.
There are many different types of roller chains. These chains are available for ANSI and metric measurements. They come in single-stranded and double-stranded variants. They are usually used for power transmission. Other types include agricultural, automotive, conveyor, multi-strand, and four-strand chains. These charts also include a chart so you can easily see the exact size you need. Listed below are some of the benefits of buying a roller chain.
Roller diameter and pin diameter are important factors in choosing the correct chain width. The width of the chain is the nearest binary fraction of 5/8 of an inch. It should be at least half the thickness of the sprocket, and the plate thickness is one-eighth the width of the chain. Overweight chains are indicated with the suffix H. The pitch and width of the chain are determined by the working load and machine speed.
The outer links of the roller chain are called pin links. These pins are inserted into the bushings of the adjacent roller links. They are held in place by cotter pins. Pin links are usually pressed into the pins of heavy-duty chains. These pins are used to hold the rollers in place. However, these pin chains can reduce the power rating of roller chains by up to 20%.
The ANSI 29.1 Steel Chain Specification specifies a minimum pitch in inches and ultimate strength of 12,500 x pitch in inches. At the same time, the O-ring chain greatly reduces wear due to its lubricating effect. O-ring and X-ring chains contain a lubricant injected by vacuum when riveting the chain together. Transmission chains are tested and governed by standards bodies such as ANSI. In 2011, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers developed a standard for precision power transmission chains.
chain

Roller chain tensile strength

One of the most important indicators of roller chain strength is tensile strength. This measurement refers to the amount of load the chain can withstand before breaking. Another measure, called fatigue strength, refers to the maximum load a chain can withstand before it breaks. The strength of a roller chain depends on its size, the quality of the steel used in its construction, and the heat treatment. There are also differences in the types of shot peening used to treat steel, pitch holes, and link plates.
When choosing a roller chain, the workload is critical. This is the maximum load the chain can withstand before fatigue failure occurs. This measurement is critical because it helps determine the type of load applied to the chain. When deciding which roller chain to buy, be sure to consider the mechanical type and desired strength. Then, make sure it meets strength and load-carrying capacity requirements.
The ultimate tensile strength of a roller chain is based on the manufacturer’s recommended maximum tensile strength. However, the actual tensile strength may be higher or lower than this value. The working load limit of a roller chain can also be calculated by multiplying the chain diameter by the grade. The working load limit of a chain is the highest tension it can withstand before breaking. This value is usually expressed in points.
The maximum tensile strength of roller chains varies by chain type. The single-strand heavy chain has thick side plates for higher shock loads. Single strand heavy-duty roller chains, also known as “bushing” roller chains, are also available. Double-stranded heavy chains are structurally similar, but they have two layers of steel connected by pins that are nearly twice as strong as standard roller chains.
The tensile strength of a single-strand roller chain is approximately 500 tons. In comparison, a single-chain blockchain has a tensile strength of 900. The tensile strength of the two is similar, and it is not recommended to choose one or the other. Although steel and titanium chains are considered the strongest materials for roller chains, these materials are not magnetic.

China Roller Chains X458 Drive Chain Steel Forging Chain and Industry Transmission Conveyor Drag Standard Chain with Forged Link Cast Carbon Steel Chain     bush chain vs roller chainChina Roller Chains X458 Drive Chain Steel Forging Chain and Industry Transmission Conveyor Drag Standard Chain with Forged Link Cast Carbon Steel Chain     bush chain vs roller chain
editor by czh 2022-12-22